International Pressure and Sanctions

Introduction The apartheid system, which was in place from the late 1940s to the early 1990s in South Africa, was one of the worse examples of discrimination and racism by a government against its citizens. This system divided South Africans into first class and second-class citizens based on their racial orientation.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on International Pressure and Sanctions specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The minority white South Africans were afforded all the political privileges and given the status of â€Å"first class citizens† while the other races were treated as inferior. The South African government tried to justify this discriminative system to its citizens and the international community. However, local and international condemnation of the system grew over the 1960s with calls been made for the government to end this oppressive system. The relative importance of the domestic and int ernational in bringing an end to apartheid is debatable with some people arguing that black South Africans political participation in anti-apartheid movements played the biggest role while others argue that actions by the international community where the most significant in dismantling apartheid. This paper will argue that international pressure and sanctions were the most important factors in ending apartheid in South Africa. How International Action Contributed to Ending Apartheid The economic sanctions imposed on the apartheid government led to economic difficulties that made the apartheid system unfavorable. The goal of imposing sanctions against South Africa was to reduce the economic welfare of the rich white minority in the country and hence diminish the willingness of the country to persist in maintaining apartheid. In spite of the country’s mineral wealth and valuable geographic position, the international community was not willing to downplay apartheid (Thomson 114 ). Western powers encouraged their citizens to disinvest in South Africa. This disinvestment by capital by foreigners led to a significant reduction in the wealth of the white minority therefore raising the costs of apartheid for the group that had benefited from the system. Kaempfer and Lowenberg note that the economic sanctions against South Africa resulted in a reduction of the GDP of the country (377). These negative economic outcomes led to a change in the behavior of the South African government in the desired direction. Economic sanctions contributed in the dismantling of apartheid by reducing the economic welfare of the white minority who were the main beneficiaries of the apartheid system. The isolation brought about by international pressure decreased government efficiency and the local support for apartheid. Led by the United Nations, many countries condemned the policy of apartheid and called for its end. Lulat (364) notes that many newly independent African countries pu t pressure on the Western powers to take action against the South African regime.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Efforts by the international community to pressure the South African Government to end apartheid were in play as early as 1963 when the US sort ways to â€Å"induce the South African government to remove the evil business of apartheid from the continent of Africa† (Duncan 38). The US and some European countries restricted the granting of travel visas to high-ranking political and military personnel within the South African government. In 1977, the US government recalled its Ambassador to South Africa and subsequently joined the rest of the world in condemning apartheid (Thomson 113). In addition to the effect that international pressure had on the white South African community, it also raised the expectations of black South Africans. International pressure demonstrated to the black community that the rest of the world supported their efforts towards ending apartheid. It showed that the international community supported the determination of the Africans to win full status and dignity in their country. The government therefore had a harder time maintaining and defending apartheid institutions in light of this anti-apartheid sentiment from the international community. International efforts against the Apartheid regime led to the imposition of an arms embargo that reduce the military capability of the South African government and increased the cost of equipping the military. Due to the perceived injustices of apartheid, the non-White groups in the country founded protest movements to fight for equal rights and freedoms with the whites. The government reacted aggressively to this protests using military force to suppress any opposition. Duncan observed that the growing government oppression in South Africa could only be countered by exter nal pressures (42). The international community therefore intervened to stop the government from getting the arms that it needed to form a well-equipped army to counter this growing African militancy. Its efforts to acquire this arms from the international market where thwarted by a UN Security Council resolution in 1977 that banned the shipment of arms to the South African Government. The United States, which is a major weapons trader in the world, adopted a complete embargo of military equipment to South Africa. Duncan notes that the US stopped supplying the South African government with all lethal goods and even terminated the sale of all military spare parts to South Africa (115). The South African government tried to counter this arms embargo by manufacturing its own arms. However, the locally produced weapons were costly and of a lower quality to those available in the international market. In addition to this, the cost of research and production led to financial strain by the government as funds were diverted from important public institutions. This decreased the popularity of the apartheid policy even within members of the White population.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on International Pressure and Sanctions specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More International pressure forced the South African government to enter negotiations with the oppositions groups that were demanding political representation and justice. The apartheid policy had denied the non-White population any political power and the white minority were unwilling to reach a compromise. The prominent anti-apartheid South African cleric, Archbishop Desmond Tutu declared that while the objective of the African opposition movements was negotiation, the apartheid regime could not â€Å"get to the table without concerted international pressure† (Lulat 364). Through this pressure, the government was forced to listen to the trou bles of the majority and react to them in a favorable manner. Without the involvement of the international community, the South African government had no incentive to negotiate with its non-White population. Conclusion This paper set out to argue that international pressures and sanctions played the most significant role in ending apartheid in South Africa. To this end, it has highlighted the ways in which the international community contributed to the collapse of apartheid. Through international pressure and the use of punitive measures such as investment sanctions and trade restrictions and embargoes on supply of key goods, the international community was able to accelerate the ending of apartheid in South Africa. If the international community had not involved itself in South Africa’s affairs, the oppressive apartheid system would have continued for longer. Because of this international pressure and sanction, South African abandoned apartheid and adopted a system that ensu red majority rule based on justice and equality. Works Cited Duncan, Patrick. â€Å"Toward a World Policy for South Africa†. Foreign Affairs 42.1 (1963): 38-48. Web.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Kaempfer, William and Lowenberg Anton. â€Å"A Model of the Political Economy of International Investment Sanctions: The Case of South Africa†. KYKLOS Journal 39.3 (1986): 377-397. Web. Lulat, Yuni. United States Relations with South Africa: A Critical Overview from the Colonial Period to the Present. Peter Lang, 2008. Print. Thomson, Alex. â€Å"The Diplomacy of Impasse: the Carter Administration and Apartheid South Africa†. Diplomacy Statecraft 21.1 (2010): 107–124. Web. This essay on International Pressure and Sanctions was written and submitted by user Erika Dotson to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

25 Idioms with Clean

25 Idioms with Clean 25 Idioms with Clean 25 Idioms with Clean By Mark Nichol The adjective clean has many senses: â€Å"free from dirt, contamination or disease, or pollution,† â€Å"fair† or â€Å"pure,† â€Å"clear† or â€Å"legible,† â€Å"smooth,† â€Å"empty,† â€Å"complete† or â€Å"thorough,† â€Å"skillful,† â€Å"free of a claim or impediment,† and â€Å"free from corruption or from lasciviousness or obscenity†; it also refers to freedom from drug addiction or lack of possession of contraband such as drugs or weapons. A variety of idioms that include the word have evolved: 1. clean (one’s) plate: eat all the food served 2. clean (someone’s) clock: beat or defeat soundly 3. clean as a whistle: pure or free of involvement in illegal activities 4. a clean bill of health: notification that a person or other entity is in good health or operating condition (from a report from a health official that all crew and passengers on a ship arriving in a port are free of illness) 5. clean break: abrupt and complete disassociation 6. clean code: well-written computer-programming code 7. clean conscience: absence of guilt or remorse (also â€Å"clear conscience†) 8. clean cut: tidy and well groomed 9. clean getaway: uninterrupted escape 10. clean house: rid an organization of corruption or inefficiency 11. clean (someone or something) out of: remove people or things 12. clean sheet: variant of â€Å"clean slate† (mostly used in British English); alternatively, said of an athlete or team that allows no goals (British English) 13. clean slate: a fresh chance or start (from the now-outmoded use of chalk on slate to record one’s debt at a tavern) 14. clean sweep: the winning of all competitions or prizes 15. clean the floor up (with someone): beat someone up 16. clean up: make something clean or proper, earn or win a lot of money, reform, or defeat 17. clean up (one’s) act: improve or reform 18. clean out: leave bare or empty, or take or deplete 19. come clean: be honest 20–21. have clean hands/keep (one’s) hands clean: be without guilt 22. keep (one’s) nose clean: stay out of trouble 23. make a clean breast of it: admit the truth 24. squeaky clean: completely clean or incorruptible 25. wipe the slate clean: give someone a fresh chance or start (see â€Å"clean slate†) Also, the proverb â€Å"A new broom sweeps clean† means that someone new to a situation (such as a job) will make a concerted effort to impress others. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:20 Computer Terms You Should Know50 Idioms About Meat and Dairy ProductsWhat is an Anagram?

Why is it important for managers to have an understanding of equal Literature review

Why is it important for managers to have an understanding of equal opportunities legislation and skills of managing a diverse workforce - Literature review Example This is the part of leading individuals towards achieving a predetermined common goal. Further, it is known that one of the most important jobs of a manager is allocating and utilizing the resources in the best possible manner and one of the most crucial resources of any organization is their human resource or manpower. This clearly shows that the manager’s most important duty is leading the workforce. The role of managers within the changing dynamics of business is a significant one. This is because the managers have a clear cut task at their hands. They need to be answerable for their actions and this must be performed in a way that there are equal opportunities for growth and development for the people who work under their realms. What is most significant here is the fact that the managers will outsmart their subordinates and employees, and discern ways through which success domains could be achieved at the end of the day. It is required that a manager shall take care of th e management realms by devising plans which are up to date and current with the organizational ranks. Furthermore, how these managers manifest their basis is through application of activities and tasks, all of which are dependent on the organizational domains. The diverse workforce must be given the respect, both in terms of their personal characteristics as well as work routines, so that they can manifest their truest basis time and again. The managers must back up their tasks by providing the subordinates solid support and the much needed confidence so that they develop a sense of belonging and attachment with the organization in essence. It is a fact the world over that the present day workforce, mostly comprising of young adults are focused on reaching the top with little hassle (Ford, 2005). This setting is so much different from what their ancestors relied on – hard work, commitment and total dedication towards reaching their coveted goal. However the young workforce of present times wants to strike gold and that too in a quick way. There is reason behind this madness and the fact for the same lies in their upbringing regimes. Also the manner in which they undergo interaction with the changing technological times is something to write home about nonetheless. They are constantly finding out that their peers are doing better than them and thus their desire to outshine is what is proving to be a destructive influence in such discussions of today’s workforce. Management through leading is not an easy task and involves several different steps and measures. These steps will insure that the manager inspires the people who look up to him and creates an environment that allows creativity and maximizes efficiency. Firstly, it is very important to select the right type of people for a specific task. Wrong people putting in cent percent effort cannot produce the effect that the right type of people with half the effort and energy can (Davies, 2007). Th erefore, the group or team should be inspected and finest of details considered before finalizing a particular set of people. Factors that need to be considered include the talents and knowledge related to the task at hand, the terms that individual has with the rest of the team members and head or supervisor and also are these individuals comfortable with the leading style of that particular manager. This though is considered a step of organizing however, due to its close connection with the leading part of management it becomes a crucial part of the topic under consideration. Once this step is successfully implemented the managers can smoothly move to the next agenda on the leading list and that is

Army Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Army Leadership - Essay Example After much contemplation, analysis and evaluation it came to my attention that NCO regard in the military and in the face of the public has decreased substantially. The solution lies in going back to what I now realize was a â€Å"full-spectrum† NCO system. The first notable difference that is requisite for today’s NCO is the establishment of an institutional training that allows for 360-degree assessment (United States Department of the Army, 2012). This, in the past decade has degraded almost entirely. Various aspects of this profession seem to be having a lot of focus and attention whilst others seem to receive close to none. For instance, public perception has it that other than put up colorful ceremonies and carry on strenuous drills an NCO, for the most part, does nothing else. Perhaps it is because of this logic that these two areas focus on institutional preparation at the expense of other important elements. As in the previous era, NCO like all soldiers, were well rounded. This ensured that the attributes that they put out were desirable and valuable. They also need for a good balance in their emotional stability and output. Anybody that has been around long enough will attest to the fact that determination has been an important part of the stance of soldiers in previous days. This is because stance tells of personality. Regardless of how much technical knowledge one amasses, the endowment of the psychological and physiological aspects is equally significant. The current institutional training programs overlook this aspect of training. In contrast to the period spanning a decade, I cannot help but notice the difference in the outlook of first line soldiers. It is important to highlight that first line soldiers bear responsibility for those falling behind them (Center for Army Leadership, 2008). First line soldiers should

Family Law in America Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Family Law in America - Essay Example In this paper, the case involving Eric and Cindy epitomizes a case whereby spouses are in total agreement until they decide to divorce. Both parties share responsibilities at their home and prior to their marriage, they had signed a prenuptial agreement. The wife disclosed much of her assets and the husband agreed to share the responsibilities at home. Nonetheless, since they have agreed to file a divorce and their case is an uncontested divorce, it looks simple. However, the challenge is that there is no clarity as to whether they have agreed on property division, child custody, and support issues. Since they have agreed to part ways, one of the spouses hires an attorney to prepare the obligatory paperwork. In this case, the wife will only be required to read and sign both the waiver and the final decree. Ethically, it is not possible to represent two parties in a divorce when there is a conflict of interest. If one attorney tries to represent the husband and the wife, in this case, he or she may face some problems. If the attorney takes a side and informs one party that the deal would make it possible for him or her to gain financially, it might anger one party. If the attorney manipulates any party to decide otherwise, the case is considered unethical. In fact, one attorney cannot represent two parties with conflict of interest. Getting an annulment is out of questions because it is a court order that a marriage never existed. Annulment could only be granted if the spouse was already married to someone else. Annulments are very rare. In this case, there is no such a case whereby the husband is claimed to have been married to someone else. However, the case indicates that the wife had mental issues, but still the issues never avoided her from agreeing to marry. She was not forced to marry, they all agreed. Annulment, in this case, is not appropriate because after realizing that the wife had mental problems, the husband was willing to continue with the married out of love.

Pattern and Sequences of Child Development

Pattern and Sequences of Child Development Introduction Before birth, after and until adulthood children grow and develop continually. They follow an expected pattern of development to reach a stage to the next. However, we observe that each children develop at their own pace of time. With some children there may be delays in their pattern of development. In general, the pattern is seen in the growth of the body from head to toe, then the building of muscles to gain control on the body and then the formation of speech and the emotional responses are acquired. In order to describe the developmental process of the child, practitioners should base their observations on the following area of development; Physical Development This area of development studies how children acquire the below physical abilities to perform certain activities. Gross Motor Skills – These are movements made by large limbs such as kicking a ball, pulling a heavy object or throwing an object. Fine Motor Skills – These are fine and precise movement shown when holding a pencil correctly, retrieving a tiny object from the floor. Locomotive Skills – These are skills for balancing the body such as walking on a line, standing on one foot for a few minutes. Cognitive Development This area of development describes the intellectual development of the child. Children show a profound development in receiving, retaining, processing information. They are learning to think logical and understand. They are able to form imagination and learn problem solving skills. Communication Development This area of development considers the ability to communicate information in the form of speech, verbal and non-verbal, reading and writing, asking questions, discussing and gestures through body language. Social and Emotional Development This area of development deals with children’s ability to express their feelings and emotions. It also includes forming relationships, self- identity, social behaviour as how to speak courteously, caring for oneself and others and also how to deal with their emotions. Moral Development This area of development is closely related to the Social and Emotional Development. Here children are able to learn how to distinguish between right or wrong activities, how to react and behave towards others, how to make the right choices and they develop abstract moral reasoning. Researchers have observed that the development of children follows an expected stage in the form of time spans. This is referred to as Four Stages of Development according to Maria Montessori. First Plane of Development (0-6 Years) – The Period of Infancy 0-3 Years The human baby is fully dependent on the adult for its movement and interpretation of his needs, unlike other species of beings that are able to walk or make same kind of noises like their adults, almost immediately after they are born. The human child can only express by crying. Physically the child is disproportionate, for example, the child’s head is much larger in proportion to the whole body. By the age of three the child is significantly more independent and although physically still disproportioned the child has acquired movements, if not perfect but reasonably coordinated. 3-6 Years During this period the child of three although more physically proportionate than the child between birth to three, the child is still perfecting his coordination of movements. The Absorbent Mind along with the Sensitive Periods is still functioning, the child is absorbing all the impressions that surround his environment; however he is now able to question and reason before he accepts what he sees. The period between three to six marks the period of expansion, consolidation and completion. The child during this period is attracted to more challenging activities and his hands, Maria Montessori refers to as â€Å"the instrument of his intelligence† aids him to explore his environment sensorially. The child is ready for an environment outside his home; however â€Å"Help me to help myself† is his exclamation. Second Plane of Development (6 – 12 Years) – The Period of Childhood At this stage the child is physically independent and is stronger. The child constantly engages in activities to test how strong, fast, daring and challenging he/she is. The infant soft hair disappears and the first tooth falls. The child becomes slim, lean, limbs become larger showing proportion of an adult. There is mental and physical stability, a uniform growth. The period is characterised by reasoning and imagination. The child builds a bridge towards abstract thinking. The child seeks for intellectual independence. The motto here is â€Å"I can think it myself.† This is the period when the child is attracted to peer groups, what Dr Montessori refers to as the â€Å"Herd Instinct†. Normally, this group is of same sex. The group gives sense of belonging and tend to dress alike. They develop a feeling of loyalty. There is constant seeking of approval for their actions. The group consists of a leader, person second in command and the followers/doers of tasks, what is termed as â€Å"dog’s body†. They form a mini-organisation and establish strict rules and maintain intimate secrets. Dr Montessori believes that influence of such group is so essential that it prepares a child to perform grown up tasks efficiently, it develops the spirit of integrity, power of will and reasoning, able to make decisions, deduce, organise, plan and acquire problem solving skills. The child is also able to experience responsibilities to the group and its functions. Third Plane of Development (12 – 18 Years) – The Period of Adolescence Arrival of puberty marks the end of childhood and is the beginning of adolescence. Enormous changes occur both physically and mentally. Physically, between the ages 12 – 15, the body is disproportionate, example the boys develop longs arms and they become conscious of their appearance and clothing. The body reaches full maturity between fifteen and eighteen. The period is aimed at constructing a social self. It is characterised by self concern and self assessment. By exploring wider cultural issues, in relation to society at large, the adolescent is capable of critical thinking and re-evaluation. Studies show that they are susceptible to anorexia, bulimia. Psychologically they become more aware of the social being and therefore are ultra sensitive, antagonistic to authority, easily discouraged, experience emotional highs and lows, emotional doubts, experience a decrease in intellectual activities. The adolescent becomes interested in music, drama, dance and other creative acti vities, because these activities allows them self-expressions and begins to idolise people and organisations, which can lead to appreciate social values or engage in anti-social behaviours. This is the period when the child seeks to gain financial independence with the motto, â€Å"I can get it myself†. Montessori envisioned this period as the â€Å"Erd Kinder† or â€Å"Children of the Land†. Fourth Plane of Development (18 – 24 Years) – The Period of Maturity or Adulthood The fourth plane of development is similar to the first plane, in that it is the period of consolidation and expansion. This plane depends on how the child has passed the earlier planes of development. If all the needs in the above planes have been fulfilled the child will feel secure and well adapted to his environment, is more able to make decisions on how life should be and how to contribute to the human values. This period is characterised by construction of self-understanding and spiritual development. The person is seeking to know one’s own place within the world. The personality seeks to enhance emotional independence and the motto is, â€Å"I can stand on my own†. Influences of Development Young children are easily influenced by various factors in the environment which affects their learning and behavioural process. They can be affected by various social, environmental, economic and biological factors. Studies are conducted as to how the development of children is affected by both personal and external factors. Personal Factors Personal factors are those that are influenced by nature or genetic formation such as, Problems during pregnancy and at birth An embryo is made up of 46 chromosomes which carried the genetic information of both male and the female partners. An embryo may not survive if there are changes in the number of chromosome. If the embryo does survive, the extra or the missing chromosome will cause an effect in the learning and development of the child. For example, Down Syndrome is caused due to an extra chromosome. The foetal development of the child can be also affected due to mother’s behaviour towards health. If the mother continues to smoke and consume drugs during pregnancy can harm the child.Children with foetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) have distinct facial features including small and narrow eyes, a small head, a smooth area between the nose and the lips and a thin upper lip. They also show symptoms such as hearing, facial, immune system problems, epilepsy etc. Children can also be affected if they are born prematurely whereby there development can be delayed Health The development of the child can be affected due to genetic disorders. For example, a blood disorder such as sickle cell disease can be a barrier for development, as the child may not be able to fully participate in any physical activities which require gross muscle movements. Disabilities Children with disabilities are challenged with cognitive abilities and physical growth. Many disabilities are caused due to genetic conditions at birth, for example Down Syndrome. External Factors Many external factors are also reasons affecting children’s development. They can be broadly divided into, Poverty In the United Kingdom many children are experiencing adverse poverty levels causing physical, social, emotional and psychological distress. It has been observed that they are mostly due to Relative Poverty rather than Absolute Poverty. â€Å"Relative Poverty is a comparison of income compared to the average. It is concerned with the material things and personal possessions that society sees as requirement to live daily life.† â€Å"Absolute Poverty is a lack of basic human needs including food, shelter, warmth, sanitation, health care and education.† Children affected by poverty are seen to lack necessities such as; a) Diet A balanced diet consists of right amount of vitamins and minerals in the food, important for the growth and development of children. Families experiencing poverty tend to purchase cheap and highly processes food. These foods contain high levels of saturated fat, sugar and salt causing obesity and malnutrition, the factors largely affecting the social and economic condition of the society among young people and adults. Imbalanced food further affects the diet leading to lethargy and hyperactive conditions which further cause behavioural problems among children in their physical, social and emotional factors. b) Housing Families experiencing poverty or those who fall under the lower income group may have insufficient housing facilities, with inadequate ventilation and heating problems causing colds and asthma. Children living in crowded houses may not have opportunities for physical exercises thus leading to obesity and delay in physical development. c) Play and Leisure Opportunities Children require opportunities to socialise and make use of the various social clubs and settings to develop their physical and social skills and personal interests such as hobbies. Families who are unable to afford the finances may not be able to help their children to make use of these facilities, including transport to travel to and back from the social clubs. Family Environments and Backgrounds A healthy family environment and background is profound for children’s development. Families that are able to provide balanced diet, good housing and play and leisure opportunities contribute to the well-being of children’s development. However, some families are unable to do so due to poverty or lower income causing depression, usage of drugs and alcohol among parents affecting child development. Family Circumstances Stress is another major social issue among families. Conditions such as long term illness, bereavement or separation among parents and other family members creates adverse effect on children’s physical, social and emotional development. Personal Choices and Decisions As children grow older, they are faced to make decisions independently thus causing peer pressure in their societal conditions, leading to consumption of alcohol and drugs. Usage of such substances may cause depression, anxiety, behavioural problems and the development of the brain. When they are not able to make purposeful decisions young people suffer dietary issues leading to malnutrition and obesity. Education Parents are the first educators. The values and beliefs children learn at home are vital for early social and personality development. A good quality education support children’s ability in intellectual development which helps to form self-identity, self-worth, self-esteem and self-confidence. Educational organisations such as schools, clubs, church should be provided such that children are supported in their social and moral development. Why Development May Not Follow the Expected Pattern The growth of children is observed to follow an expected pattern. They follow a successive developmental stage each supporting the other stage of development. At times there are delays in achieving this milestone which allows further investigation as to why the delay has been occurred. The following factors are outlined to describe the dilemma as to why the development may not follow the expected pattern; Emotional Influences Children are seen to thrive in a safe and happy environment. When children are able to develop attachment with their parents, other members of the family, peers and practitioners their emotional needs are fulfilled. Physical Reasons Children should be provided with appropriate environment such that their physical needs are fulfilled. If children experience delays in their growth, their physical development can be affected. Environmental Factors Family and outside environment such as school and clubs play an important role in children’s development. External influences have an immense effect on children’s physical, social, emotional and psychological well-being. Cultural Reasons Cultural differences influence the development of children. For example, cultures that give higher priority to male genders cause difficulties and missed opportunities for female children to thrive in their society, where statutory education or an inclusive practice in maintained. Social Influences Certain structure and lifestyle followed by families may not be appropriate for child’s growth. Parental separation, for example can cause negative effect on children, causing anxiety, stress and fear. Children may become without and find it socially challenging to communicate. Disability Children with disability may find it difficult to challenge the factors affecting their growth if parents, peers and practitioners do not provide the right kind of environment to support their developmental needs. Early Intervention When the child is seen to experience a certain delay or delays in his learning and developmental abilities, it is important to identify the appropriate ways to support the child in those needs and if need be, to bring it to the attention of other professionals for further support. Primary care and early intervention is necessary to reduce the effects of such delays in the developmental growth of the child. It is important for children in the long run. When early intervention is given, children are able to develop their skills and abilities required for further educational and other social needs, which in turn supports in their overall development by experiencing success as adults. The following emotional challenges are observed to be experienced, where delays affecting development are not given appropriate early intervention; Frustration Changes in Behaviour Fewer Opportunities The Role of the Childcare Setting in Early Intervention Early year educational settings can play an important role in identifying the special needs or conditions in children and providing appropriate resources and materials that support their learning and developmental skills. A key worker for each child should be assigned such that the practitioner is able to observe the interests, hobbies, likes and dislikes special needs of the child. A close observation and assessment of the child’s development can be helpful to identify areas where the child feels challenged or faces difficulties in performing a certain activity. According to the EYFS, it is essential that a regular and formal review of the children’s progress is carried out in the early years settings in areas such as, Communication and Language Physical Development Personal, Social and Emotional Development A regular health check should also be followed to review the progress of children’s development such that they are given appropriate support by using effective resources and materials. Meena Sugandha SEN Level 3 Page 1 2014OSC51324

To What Extent is the Proposed Scottish Split from British Rule Benefic

To what extent is the proposed Scottish split from British Rule beneficial for either country? The economical bond between England and Scotland has stood since the Acts of Union in 1707. Years of undivided companionship have convinced the majority of the world that there are no borders separating the U.K countries. This, it seems, has taken its toll on the Scottish Government. As after centuries of companionship they have decided to follow Ireland’s example and propose independence. Whether or not this was a wise move by the Scottish National Party leader, Alex Salmond, is up for debate. The true extent of pros and cons, although they will vary depending on public viewpoints, will be uncovered on the 18th September 2014 at the final vote count. The benefits of the proposed split, on Scotland’s side, are outweighed by the troubles that will be brought by attempting to enter the EU, the Economy and National Debt. If independence is granted, the UK will exit the split with no significant change while Scotland will face immense struggles. The most compelling argument against independence, from an economic view, is the problem of the Euro. There is an abundance of current turmoil in several countries, where leaders are facing similar independence issues to the UK. Several international leaders, facing devolution movements, are openly hostile towards the Scottish Referendum. Those in the EU are particularly dismissive. EU rules state that those who wish to join must adopt the Euro. Britain and Denmark have exclusive permission from Brussels, which is considered to be the de facto capital of the European Union, to use independent currency. The fact that Scottish National Party (current government in power) wishes to keep the pound... ...oil reserves will not only abandon the UK but according to Shell’s statement Scotland will be stranded as well. It’s clear through simply glancing at the facts that if the SNP emerges from this Referendum triumphant, they will be economically stranded in Europe. However this will only occur if the Referendum swings in the SNP’s favour. The reason behind Scotland’s proposed struggle is the economies of the remaining UK countries and Scotland being linked for centuries. Breaking this would leave both participants is considerable distress. But the remaining UK members, due to their combined populations and stronger trade partners, will emerge in a much better position. The true result will only become apparent if the SNP wins the September Referendum. The likelihood of SNP triumph is unclear as of yet, however according to current polls the ‘No’ vote is favoured.